-
Stats
77% of decks run one or more
vs. 14% of other black decks
69% of decks run two or more
vs. 9% of other black decks
2.4 per deck on average
vs. 0.40 in other black decks
Cards
- Virus Beetle 54%
- Burglar Rat 46%
- Rotting Rats 31%
- Nezumi Informant 31%
- Hecteyes 23%
- Elderfang Disciple 23%
- Hostile Investigator 15%
- Ravenous Rats 8%
- Miasmic Mummy 8%
Other options: Ebon Dragon, Liliana's Specter, Cackling Fiend, Sibsig Icebreakers, Rank Rat, Fanatic of the Harrowing, Brutal Nightstalker, Stony-Voiced Goblins, Corrupt Court Official
-
Stats
62% of decks run one or more
vs. 5% of other black decks
46% of decks run two or more
vs. 3% of other black decks
1.1 per deck on average
vs. 0.08 in other black decks
Cards
- Bottomless Pit 62%
- Necrogen Mists 46%
-
Stats
85% of decks run one or more
vs. 10% of other black decks
31% of decks run two or more
vs. 1% of other black decks
1.2 per deck on average
vs. 0.11 in other black decks
Cards
- Waste Not 85%
- Bone Miser 31%
-
Stats
69% of decks run one or more
vs. 5% of other black decks
31% of decks run two or more
vs. 1% of other black decks
1.0 per deck on average
vs. 0.06 in other black decks
Cards
-
Stats
31% of decks run one or more
vs. 9% of other black decks
15% of decks run two or more
vs. 3% of other black decks
0.46 per deck on average
vs. 0.13 in other black decks
-
Stats
38% of decks run one or more
vs. 8% of other black decks
15% of decks run two or more
vs. 3% of other black decks
0.54 per deck on average
vs. 0.13 in other black decks
Cards
- Duress 31%
- Drill Bit 8%
- Inquisition of Kozilek 8%
- Pilfer 8%
Other options: Gix's Caress, Cerebral Confiscation, Solve for Disappointment, Toll of the Invasion, Auntie's Sentence, Dai Li Indoctrination, Temporal Intervention, Distress, The Torment of Gollum, Lay Bare the Heart, Devour Intellect, Encroach, Nightsnare, Dread Fugue, Dark Inquiry
-
Stats
15% of decks run one or more
vs. 1% of other black decks
8% of decks run two or more
vs. <1% of other black decks
0.23 per deck on average
vs. 0.01 in other black decks
Cards
-
Stats
31% of decks run one or more
vs. 1% of other black decks
8% of decks run two or more
vs. <1% of other black decks
0.62 per deck on average
vs. 0.02 in other black decks
Cards
- The Rack 31%
- Wheel of Torture 8%
- Ebony Owl Netsuke 8%
- Black Vise 8%
- Iron Maiden 8%
Other options: Viseling, Paupers' Cage, Rackling, Misers' Cage, Skullcage
-
Stats
54% of decks run one or more
vs. 6% of other black decks
8% of decks run two or more
vs. 2% of other black decks
0.62 per deck on average
vs. 0.08 in other black decks
Cards
That's every card stack.
All top picks (50)
- Megrim relevance 0.19 · 69.2% (9 of 13 decks)
- Bandit's Talent relevance 0.18 · 69.2% (9 of 13 decks)
- Waste Not relevance 0.16 · 84.6% (11 of 13 decks)
- The Rack relevance 0.23 · 30.8% (4 of 13 decks)
- Bottomless Pit relevance 0.18 · 61.5% (8 of 13 decks)
- Asylum Visitor relevance 0.20 · 46.2% (6 of 13 decks)
- Tinybones, Bauble Burglar relevance 0.18 · 53.8% (7 of 13 decks)
- Geth's Grimoire relevance 0.16 · 61.5% (8 of 13 decks)
- The Raven Man relevance 0.17 · 53.8% (7 of 13 decks)
- Liliana's Caress relevance 0.16 · 53.8% (7 of 13 decks)
- Tinybones, Trinket Thief relevance 0.17 · 46.2% (6 of 13 decks)
- Tourach, Dread Cantor relevance 0.17 · 46.2% (6 of 13 decks)
- Necrogen Mists relevance 0.17 · 46.2% (6 of 13 decks)
- Virus Beetle relevance 0.15 · 53.8% (7 of 13 decks)
- Shrieking Affliction relevance 0.18 · 30.8% (4 of 13 decks)
- Bone Miser relevance 0.17 · 30.8% (4 of 13 decks)
- Aclazotz, Deepest Betrayal // Temple of the Dead relevance 0.15 · 46.2% (6 of 13 decks)
- Necrogoyf relevance 0.16 · 38.5% (5 of 13 decks)
- Oppression relevance 0.14 · 46.2% (6 of 13 decks)
- Cunning Lethemancer relevance 0.15 · 30.8% (4 of 13 decks)
- Rotting Rats relevance 0.15 · 30.8% (4 of 13 decks)
- Entropic Battlecruiser relevance 0.15 · 30.8% (4 of 13 decks)
- Burglar Rat relevance 0.12 · 46.2% (6 of 13 decks)
- Anvil of Bogardan relevance 0.15 · 23.1% (3 of 13 decks)
- Dark Deal relevance 0.12 · 46.2% (6 of 13 decks)
- Mindslicer relevance 0.14 · 30.8% (4 of 13 decks)
- Syphon Mind relevance 0.12 · 46.2% (6 of 13 decks)
- Hymn to Tourach relevance 0.14 · 23.1% (3 of 13 decks)
- Bag of Holding relevance 0.15 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Smallpox relevance 0.13 · 30.8% (4 of 13 decks)
- Nezumi Informant relevance 0.13 · 30.8% (4 of 13 decks)
- Court of Ambition relevance 0.13 · 23.1% (3 of 13 decks)
- Painful Quandary relevance 0.11 · 38.5% (5 of 13 decks)
- Duress relevance 0.12 · 30.8% (4 of 13 decks)
- Liliana of the Veil relevance 0.12 · 30.8% (4 of 13 decks)
- Fell Specter relevance 0.12 · 23.1% (3 of 13 decks)
- Hecteyes relevance 0.12 · 23.1% (3 of 13 decks)
- Hostile Investigator relevance 0.13 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Words of Waste relevance 0.13 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Tinybones Joins Up relevance 0.11 · 23.1% (3 of 13 decks)
- Ral Zarek, Guest Lecturer relevance 0.12 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Sangromancer relevance 0.10 · 30.8% (4 of 13 decks)
- Azula, Ruthless Firebender relevance 0.13 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Quest for the Nihil Stone relevance 0.12 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Vicious Rumors relevance 0.11 · 23.1% (3 of 13 decks)
- Hell Mongrel relevance 0.13 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Elderfang Disciple relevance 0.11 · 23.1% (3 of 13 decks)
- Drill Bit relevance 0.12 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Bog Witch relevance 0.11 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Hypnotic Specter relevance 0.11 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
All creatures (50)
- Asylum Visitor relevance 0.20 · 46.2% (6 of 13 decks)
- Tinybones, Bauble Burglar relevance 0.18 · 53.8% (7 of 13 decks)
- The Raven Man relevance 0.17 · 53.8% (7 of 13 decks)
- Tinybones, Trinket Thief relevance 0.17 · 46.2% (6 of 13 decks)
- Tourach, Dread Cantor relevance 0.17 · 46.2% (6 of 13 decks)
- Virus Beetle relevance 0.15 · 53.8% (7 of 13 decks)
- Bone Miser relevance 0.17 · 30.8% (4 of 13 decks)
- Aclazotz, Deepest Betrayal // Temple of the Dead relevance 0.15 · 46.2% (6 of 13 decks)
- Necrogoyf relevance 0.16 · 38.5% (5 of 13 decks)
- Cunning Lethemancer relevance 0.15 · 30.8% (4 of 13 decks)
- Rotting Rats relevance 0.15 · 30.8% (4 of 13 decks)
- Burglar Rat relevance 0.12 · 46.2% (6 of 13 decks)
- Mindslicer relevance 0.14 · 30.8% (4 of 13 decks)
- Nezumi Informant relevance 0.13 · 30.8% (4 of 13 decks)
- Fell Specter relevance 0.12 · 23.1% (3 of 13 decks)
- Hecteyes relevance 0.12 · 23.1% (3 of 13 decks)
- Hostile Investigator relevance 0.13 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Sangromancer relevance 0.10 · 30.8% (4 of 13 decks)
- Azula, Ruthless Firebender relevance 0.13 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Hell Mongrel relevance 0.13 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Elderfang Disciple relevance 0.11 · 23.1% (3 of 13 decks)
- Bog Witch relevance 0.11 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Hypnotic Specter relevance 0.11 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Archon of Cruelty relevance 0.10 · 23.1% (3 of 13 decks)
- Rankle, Master of Pranks relevance 0.10 · 30.8% (4 of 13 decks)
- Cao Cao, Lord of Wei relevance 0.12 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Archfiend of Ifnir relevance 0.11 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Acquisitions Expert relevance 0.12 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Gonti, Night Minister relevance 0.11 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Plague Reaver relevance 0.11 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Tergrid, God of Fright // Tergrid's Lantern relevance 0.10 · 23.1% (3 of 13 decks)
- Grave Scrabbler relevance 0.11 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Stronghold Rats relevance 0.10 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Muck Rats relevance 0.11 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Bloodvial Purveyor relevance 0.11 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Carrion Rats relevance 0.11 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Abyssal Nocturnus relevance 0.11 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Souls of the Lost relevance 0.10 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Bog Rats relevance 0.10 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Kain, Traitorous Dragoon relevance 0.09 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Spectral Snatcher relevance 0.09 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Containment Construct relevance 0.09 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Myojin of Night's Reach relevance 0.09 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Plaguecrafter relevance 0.07 · 30.8% (4 of 13 decks)
- Gollum, Patient Plotter relevance 0.09 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Innocuous Rat relevance 0.09 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Memnite relevance 0.08 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Witch-king of Angmar relevance 0.08 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Miasmic Mummy relevance 0.08 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Drainpipe Vermin relevance 0.08 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
All artifacts (32)
- The Rack relevance 0.23 · 30.8% (4 of 13 decks)
- Geth's Grimoire relevance 0.16 · 61.5% (8 of 13 decks)
- Entropic Battlecruiser relevance 0.15 · 30.8% (4 of 13 decks)
- Anvil of Bogardan relevance 0.15 · 23.1% (3 of 13 decks)
- Bag of Holding relevance 0.15 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Ebony Owl Netsuke relevance 0.12 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Black Vise relevance 0.11 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Defense Grid relevance 0.10 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Iron Maiden relevance 0.11 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Lotus Petal relevance 0.09 · 23.1% (3 of 13 decks)
- Mox Opal relevance 0.10 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Urza's Bauble relevance 0.10 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- The One Ring relevance 0.09 · 23.1% (3 of 13 decks)
- Wheel of Torture relevance 0.10 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Cryptcaller Chariot relevance 0.09 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Inspiring Statuary relevance 0.09 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Currency Converter relevance 0.09 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Fellwar Stone relevance 0.08 · 23.1% (3 of 13 decks)
- Ensnaring Bridge relevance 0.09 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Wishclaw Talisman relevance 0.07 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Monument to Endurance relevance 0.08 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Charcoal Diamond relevance 0.06 · 23.1% (3 of 13 decks)
- Thought Vessel relevance 0.06 · 23.1% (3 of 13 decks)
- Mox Diamond relevance 0.06 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Thran Dynamo relevance 0.05 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Chrome Mox relevance 0.05 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Caged Sun relevance 0.05 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Mind Stone relevance 0.04 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Jet Medallion relevance 0.03 · 46.2% (6 of 13 decks)
- Arcane Signet relevance 0.03 · 38.5% (5 of 13 decks)
- The Soul Stone relevance 0.03 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Sol Ring relevance 0.01 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
That's every card in this section.
All enchantments (20)
- Megrim relevance 0.19 · 69.2% (9 of 13 decks)
- Bandit's Talent relevance 0.18 · 69.2% (9 of 13 decks)
- Waste Not relevance 0.16 · 84.6% (11 of 13 decks)
- Bottomless Pit relevance 0.18 · 61.5% (8 of 13 decks)
- Liliana's Caress relevance 0.16 · 53.8% (7 of 13 decks)
- Necrogen Mists relevance 0.17 · 46.2% (6 of 13 decks)
- Shrieking Affliction relevance 0.18 · 30.8% (4 of 13 decks)
- Oppression relevance 0.14 · 46.2% (6 of 13 decks)
- Court of Ambition relevance 0.13 · 23.1% (3 of 13 decks)
- Painful Quandary relevance 0.11 · 38.5% (5 of 13 decks)
- Words of Waste relevance 0.13 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Tinybones Joins Up relevance 0.11 · 23.1% (3 of 13 decks)
- Quest for the Nihil Stone relevance 0.12 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Hopeless Nightmare relevance 0.10 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Bloodchief Ascension relevance 0.09 · 23.1% (3 of 13 decks)
- Curse of Fool's Wisdom relevance 0.10 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Animate Dead relevance 0.07 · 30.8% (4 of 13 decks)
- The Eldest Reborn relevance 0.07 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Raiders' Wake relevance 0.07 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Exquisite Blood relevance 0.04 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
That's every card in this section.
All instants (18)
- Snuff Out relevance 0.08 · 30.8% (4 of 13 decks)
- Darkblast relevance 0.09 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Cabal Ritual relevance 0.07 · 30.8% (4 of 13 decks)
- Sheoldred's Edict relevance 0.07 · 23.1% (3 of 13 decks)
- Saw in Half relevance 0.07 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Deadly Rollick relevance 0.06 · 30.8% (4 of 13 decks)
- Infernal Grasp relevance 0.05 · 23.1% (3 of 13 decks)
- Imp's Mischief relevance 0.05 · 23.1% (3 of 13 decks)
- Baleful Mastery relevance 0.05 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Force of Despair relevance 0.05 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Culling the Weak relevance 0.04 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Bitter Triumph relevance 0.04 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Flare of Malice relevance 0.04 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Vampiric Tutor relevance 0.03 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Deadly Dispute relevance 0.02 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Defile relevance 0.02 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Withering Torment relevance 0.02 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Dark Ritual relevance 0.01 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
All sorceries (46)
- Dark Deal relevance 0.12 · 46.2% (6 of 13 decks)
- Syphon Mind relevance 0.12 · 46.2% (6 of 13 decks)
- Hymn to Tourach relevance 0.14 · 23.1% (3 of 13 decks)
- Smallpox relevance 0.13 · 30.8% (4 of 13 decks)
- Duress relevance 0.12 · 30.8% (4 of 13 decks)
- Vicious Rumors relevance 0.11 · 23.1% (3 of 13 decks)
- Drill Bit relevance 0.12 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Mind Rake relevance 0.11 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Bite of the Black Rose relevance 0.11 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Demonic Counsel relevance 0.10 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Pox Plague relevance 0.10 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Harsh Scrutiny relevance 0.11 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Delirium Skeins relevance 0.10 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Capital Punishment relevance 0.11 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Lab Rats relevance 0.10 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Psychic Whorl relevance 0.10 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Dredge the Mire relevance 0.10 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Collective Brutality relevance 0.09 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Scrounge for Eternity relevance 0.09 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Shredder's Revenge relevance 0.09 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Call to the Netherworld relevance 0.08 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Mind Rot relevance 0.08 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Send in the Pest relevance 0.08 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Beseech the Mirror relevance 0.07 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Awaken the Erstwhile relevance 0.08 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Cruelclaw's Heist relevance 0.07 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Inquisition of Kozilek relevance 0.07 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Invoke Despair relevance 0.07 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Pilfer relevance 0.07 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Rush of Dread relevance 0.07 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Swarmyard Massacre relevance 0.07 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Will of the Abzan relevance 0.07 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Torment of Hailfire relevance 0.06 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Revenge of the Rats relevance 0.06 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Bone Shards relevance 0.06 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Bubbling Muck relevance 0.05 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Thoughtseize relevance 0.06 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Reanimate relevance 0.04 · 30.8% (4 of 13 decks)
- Toxic Deluge relevance 0.04 · 23.1% (3 of 13 decks)
- Night's Whisper relevance 0.04 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Rise of the Dark Realms relevance 0.04 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Read the Bones relevance 0.04 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Sign in Blood relevance 0.03 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Damnation relevance 0.03 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Demonic Tutor relevance 0.02 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Feed the Swarm relevance 0.02 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
That's every card in this section.
All planeswalkers (5)
- Liliana of the Veil relevance 0.12 · 30.8% (4 of 13 decks)
- Ral Zarek, Guest Lecturer relevance 0.12 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Tevesh Szat, Doom of Fools relevance 0.11 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Liliana Vess relevance 0.07 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Liliana, Waker of the Dead relevance 0.06 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
That's every card in this section.
All utility lands (20)
- Geier Reach Sanitarium relevance 0.10 · 30.8% (4 of 13 decks)
- Takenuma, Abandoned Mire relevance 0.08 · 30.8% (4 of 13 decks)
- The Mycosynth Gardens relevance 0.08 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Command Beacon relevance 0.08 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Urza's Saga relevance 0.07 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Agadeem's Awakening // Agadeem, the Undercrypt relevance 0.07 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Mikokoro, Center of the Sea relevance 0.07 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Fell the Profane // Fell Mire relevance 0.06 · 23.1% (3 of 13 decks)
- Mortuary Mire relevance 0.06 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Desert of the Glorified relevance 0.07 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- War Room relevance 0.06 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Castle Locthwain relevance 0.05 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Urborg, Tomb of Yawgmoth relevance 0.04 · 30.8% (4 of 13 decks)
- Susur Secundi, Void Altar relevance 0.05 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Witch's Cottage relevance 0.04 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Malakir Rebirth // Malakir Mire relevance 0.04 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Reliquary Tower relevance 0.04 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Midgar, City of Mako // Reactor Raid relevance 0.04 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Spymaster's Vault relevance 0.04 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Bojuka Bog relevance 0.03 · 30.8% (4 of 13 decks)
That's every card in this section.
All lands (15)
- City of Traitors relevance 0.11 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Temple of the False God relevance 0.08 · 15.4% (2 of 13 decks)
- Nykthos, Shrine to Nyx relevance 0.05 · 30.8% (4 of 13 decks)
- Prismatic Vista relevance 0.06 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Verdant Catacombs relevance 0.06 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Marsh Flats relevance 0.06 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Polluted Delta relevance 0.06 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Bloodstained Mire relevance 0.06 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Gemstone Caverns relevance 0.06 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Lake of the Dead relevance 0.05 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Cabal Coffers relevance 0.03 · 38.5% (5 of 13 decks)
- Ancient Tomb relevance 0.04 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Phyrexian Tower relevance 0.02 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Cabal Stronghold relevance 0.02 · 7.7% (1 of 13 decks)
- Swamp relevance 0.01 · 84.6% (11 of 13 decks)
EDH staples, signature cards, and recommendations for Davriel, Rogue Shadowmage, from 13 real Commander decks.











































































































































